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Glock Armorer's Report

A CERTIFIED ARMORER'S THOUGHTS ON AFTERMARKET PARTS 
The Glock's sustained popularity among both law enforcement and civilian shooters in this country has given rise to a vast array of aftermarket parts, accessories and gunsmithing services, to the point where (arguably) only the 1911 is more "customizable".

That said, most of the aftermarket parts (as opposed to accessories) are sold by guys who make their living selling parts, and are not really necessary or beneficial to the performance of the Glock pistol. Most Certified Glock Armorers - myself included - are not very keen on aftermarket parts, and for good reason. Gaston Glock designed his pistol a certain way for a reason, and it WORKS. Many third-party gizmos on the market not only fail to provide the benefits their sellers claim, but in many cases are unsafe or contribute to premature wear on the pistol. And using these parts will almost certainly void your factory warranty, especially if they should cause some sort of problem with the pistol. My general advice is to stay away from all titanium parts (titanium is hard but very brittle, and not suitable for parts like firing pins) and any parts that replace vital parts of your pistol's operating mechanism (ie aftermarket connectors, trigger bars, firing pins, firing pin safeties, guide rods, etc). There's a lot that can be done to improve a Glock by working with the stock parts and using aftermarket parts in non-critical areas (ie mag springs, sights, etc). This approach will save you money and most importantly will preserve the simplicity and reliability for which Glock pistols are known.

NIGHT SIGHTS 
Having trained extensively in low-light and no-light environments, I am a firm believer in having night sights on defensive firearms, and would certainly not own a carry pistol without them. Many brands and designs of night sights are available for the Glock pistol family, but all use glass elements filled with tritium (a radioactive gas) to provide self-illuminating reference points for aiming in low light. Night sights are available as a factory option from Glock, which until recently used two brands (Meprolight and Trijicon) interchangeably. Recently they have gone to making their own sights and using Meprolight inserts. I have had four different brands of night sights on my various Glocks, and have found the greatest difference to be in the daylight sight picture they provide; at night they all show three green dots. :-) Below are my findings; your experiences may differ.

Meprolight - Currently imported from Israel by Kimber and available for all Glock models. I find the Mepro daytime sight picture to be superior to the other brands; the combination of high profile, narrow rear notch (or is it a wide front blade?) and white plastic inserts make these sights quick and easy to pick up, yet still capable of good accuracy at longer distances. Nighttime sight picture is three crisp green dots with good, even brightness.

Trijicon - The de facto industry standard, Trijicons offer an adequate daylight sight picture and good brightness at night. They have a lower profile and a wider rear notch than Meprolights, so the sight picture is not as clean, IMHO. Also, the white rings around the tritium capsules are white paint, rather than a plastic insert. This means that over time, the white highlights can fade or chip off, degrading daylight performance. Perhaps the biggest strike against Trijicons is their high price - generally $15-20 more than Meprolights.

Trilux - The Trilux name may be little known, but they manufacture OEM night sights for several major brands such as SIG-Sauer. The Trilux night sights for Glocks are similar in shape and design to Trijicons, but appear to be slightly dimmer at night. The Trilux design features a locking setscrew in the rear sight notch. The up-side to this setup is that installation is easy, even without access to an Armorer's sight installation tools. Simply start the rear sight into the dovetail with a mallet and punch, then finger-adjust for windage. Lock down the setscrew when the rear sight is in the desired position. The down-side is that if the rear setscrew should work itself loose, the rear sight will drift out of position, and possibly even out of the dovetail! I highly recommend using a threadlocker on both the front sight screw AND the rear sight screw. Trilux are generally $10-20 cheaper than Meprolights.

IMX/PT - Made by Innovative Weaponry Inc. and sold under the brand names IMX and PT. The "New Glock Style" is a ramped-rear design that extends all the way to the back edge of the slide, and also features the locking screw. The IMX sights offer a sight picture similar to Heine or Bo-Mar competition sights, and the dots are VERY bright at night - brighter than any other brand I've owned. Both IMX and PT offer several patterns of dots, bars or combinations, in several color options. Mine were 3-dot green/green, and that's what I recommend for optimum clarity and brightness. Some of the bar patterns are very fast but highly unconventional, and some of the non-standard colors (red, blue, yellow) are quite dim. NOTE: If your training includes one-handed weapon manipulation that involves catching the gun sights on your belt or holster to perform a slide rack, these sights are NOT a good choice - the ramped rear design will slide off just about anything! This caused me no end of grief in a recent FR&I Level III course, and I promptly replaced the IMX sights on both my G23s with Meprolights upon my return!

TRIGGER ENHANCEMENTS 
The stock Glock trigger is very easy to manage and is conducive to accurate shooting. That said, many shooters transitioning from single-action pistols have difficulty adapting to Glock's Safe Action system. Additionally, the mass-produced stamped metal parts and slightly varying tolerances found in the Glock fire control system can result in a significantly different trigger "feel" from one stock Glock to the next. Fortunately, there are ways to customize or improve a Glock's trigger action simply by reconfiguring or working with the stock parts, rather than replacing them with expensive aftermarket parts that may render the gun unsafe.

The Trigger Bar - the serrated trigger face found on the compact and subcompact Glocks may be replaced with the smooth trigger found in the larger-frame pistols. Some find the smooth trigger to provide a more comfortable, positive contact between the trigger face and trigger finger. Note that the trigger is permanently attached to the trigger bar, so the whole assembly must be replaced. Additionally, the vertical extension of the trigger bar (which bears against the firing pin safety) and the rear "slope" (which bears against the connector) may be lightly polished to remove machining imperfections and generally smooth the trigger pull (see "Trigger Job in a Can" below).

The Trigger Spring - the standard Glock trigger spring is a coil-type unit that, when paired with the standard connector (see below), yields a nominal trigger pull of 5.5 lbs. This spring may be replaced with either the NY1 or the NY2 spring to create a heavier, more consistent (ie revolver-like) trigger pull of 8 or 12 lbs., respectively.

The Connector - this is an angled metal piece against which the trigger bar bears, creating resistance and giving the trigger pull much of its weight. The standard connector is unmarked. There is also a "-" or competition connector which results in a trigger pull of about 3.5 lbs. when used with the standard spring. This is the stock setup in Glock's 17L, 24, 34 and 35 competition pistols, but is generally regarded as too light for duty or self-defense use. Also available is the little-seen "+" connector, which produces a pull of roughly 8 lbs. with the standard spring. This is commonly found in police duty guns, and the feel is similar to that produced by the standard connector paired with the NY1 spring.

Using these three main components in various combinations, it is possible to greatly alter the trigger feel of a Glock pistol without sacrificing any of its safety or reliability properties, or voiding the factory warranty. WARNING! NEVER combine the NY1 or NY2 springs with the "+" connector! The resulting trigger pull may be too heavy to engage, or other reliability problems may arise.

The Carry Trigger - My preferred trigger configuration for a carry Glock is what I call the "carry trigger" (catchy name, huh?). It is really nothing more than a NY1 spring paired with a "-" connector. This combination provides resistance from the beginning, eliminating the initial slack or "dead space" found in the stock Glock trigger pull. This results in a more consistent, DAO-type feel, similar to my Kahrs or a tuned DA revolver. The NY1 spring also gives a more positive trigger reset which allows faster followup shots. Finally, the "-" connector eliminates much of the weight added by the NY1 spring, keeping the pull weight to somewhere near stock (about 3/4lb. heavier, instead of some 3lbs. heavier with the NY1 alone). The only real downside to this arrangement is that the NY1 spring returns the trigger so energetically that it may "slap" the trigger finger a bit, causing finger fatigue or even blistering during extended (several hundred round) shooting sessions.

Reduced-Power Striker Spring - This part from Wolff Gunsprings reduces the force that cocks and releases the striker, lightening both take-up pressure and trigger break pressure by approximately one pound. The resulting pull is much smoother and lighter, but does not come without a cost! Lighter spring pressure means the striker is propelled forward with less velocity, and therefore it may lack sufficient force to detonate harder primers (military surplus, CCI, etc). For this reason, this part is intended for use in competition pistols and is not recommended for duty or carry weapons! If your Glock pistol is used for both defensive and competition purposes, you may want to purchase a separate firing pin assembly with the reduced-power spring installed. That way you can just drop in the "competition" assembly prior to a match, and reinstall the "carry" assembly afterward. If you insist on carrying a defensive weapon with a reduced-power spring installed, do so only after extensive testing with various types of ammunition, and use only ammunition with which the pistol has proven reliable!

The Trigger Job In A Can 
The following was forwarded to me by Glock List member
Keith Holmes, and is reproduced here with his permission. I have performed this procedure on several of my Glocks, to good effect.

The Holmesmade Trigger Job in a Can is in no way a new process. It is simply a means of hand lapping the trigger bar to the disconnector and I accept no responsibility for or from you or anyone else for using the directions posted here. If you fuggup your gun listening to a ham fisted hack like me on the Internet, it's your fault. I tacked my name on to it, because I thunk it up on my own, all by my self. This in no way implies that others have not come up with the same fool thing I did, but I put it up on the Glock List before anyone else that I am aware of. So there! :) To perform this operation you will need some Flitz polishing compound (Don't use anything more abrasive that Flitz! You're just smoothing things up a bit, not grinding fancy new shapes into your gun's parts), basic gun cleaning gear and your head screwed on straight. Knowing the proper procedure for detail stripping your Glock is also a good idea. I recommend having fired at least 250 rounds (more is better, here) through the gun before embarking on this adventure. This is to settle everything into place and diagnose any possible glitches in the gun before making any modifications to it.

Now that the standard disclaimers are in place, clear the weapon, chamber and magazine, and put all the ammunition in another room, so the ammo fairy doesn't drop by and leave you a little surprise. Disassemble the gun in proper order and give all the parts in the trigger group a good wipe down, at the least, to remove any oils, greases, crud, gunk or other fouling from the parts. Coat the disconnector and trigger bar with Flitz on all wear points (the shiny spots where the parts rub together), then reassemble up to the point where the trigger block assembly (including trigger spring), trigger/trigger bar assembly, locking block, trigger pin and grip pin are in place. You will not need the slide release right now, but you can go ahead and install the locking block pin, just for grins. T'ain't necessary, though. Now, keep gentle counter pressure on the vertical extension of the trigger bar while you carefully work the trigger bar back and forth. This will feel fairly gritty at first and may jam up, so DON'T force it. Go nice and easy and take your time. After a couple dozen strokes the action will start smoothing up and it will get easier. A few dozen more strokes and everything will feel nice and smooth, almost glass-like. This is the point where you want to stop! Do not continue on from this point or you may cause excessive wear on critical parts of your gun. That's the beauty of doing this by hand. A machine polish can go way too far, way too quickly and will not mate up the surfaces, which is what you have just done.

Disassemble the lower receiver again and give everything the most thorough cleaning you have ever done, including the frame, to remove every last trace of polishing compound from every nook and cranny of all the parts, including springs. This is to prevent bits of compound from getting back into places you don't want them to be and causing you much grief and undue stress later on. The trigger bar and disconnector wear points will have a shiny, mirror like appearance to them and will be near perfectly matched. After cleaning and drying everything, reassemble the gun, lube to spec. and run a basic systems check to verify that nothing bad has happened along the way. Now practice dry firing the gun a few hundred times to familiarize yourself with your new and improved trigger action and head on down to the range for live fire practice to see if you've done any good. :) I use Tetra Gun grease to lube the trigger and disconnector as I find it helps smooth up the action a bit more. It's much better than oil, IMPO. Other greases should work just as well.

So, there you have it, folks! The Holmesmade Trigger Job in a Can! All grammatical and punctuational errors are intended and all responsibility, liability and accountability of any kind are expressly denied, refused, negated, null and voided. Use of the above directions is at your own risk.

The folks at Glockmeister.com have compiled an interesting report on the actual pull weights achieved by various trigger configurations. You may want to consult this as a guide to achieving the results you desire, and remember that lighter isn't necessarily better! I've shot better match scores with my carry-configured G23 than I have with my dot-sighted G17 Unlimited gun with a 3.3lb. pull...

EXTENDED SLIDE STOP

This factory part was introduced by Glock with the G34/35 "Tactical Longslide" pistols, but can be installed in all Glock models except the G36. It features a built-up shelf at the rear which gives better leverage to release the slide from the locked-open position. Note that Glock Inc. and several noted pistol instructors do not recommend using the slide stop lever as a slide release. Instead, they advocate the "overhand" method, where the off hand wraps over the top of the slide and tugs to the rear, causing the slide to return to battery. The factory extended slide stop, however, also makes it easier to lock the slide open for unloading and malfunction clearance, as well as providing an easier option for releasing the slide during one-handed drills. I have this part on all my Glocks (except the G36, which it will not fit without modification) and find it quite convenient.

EXTENDED MAGAZINE CATCH 
Some confusion exists regarding the history of the Glock extended mag catch (mag release). According to Peter Kasler's book Glock: New Wave in Combat Handguns, Glock developed an extended-length magazine catch for the G17/19, which then became the "stock-length" part used in the large-frame G20/21. If this is the case, then why did Glock never produce an extended mag release for the G20/21, as Kasler claimed they had plans to do in the early 90s? The alternate story, which makes more sense to me, is that the "extended" mag catch for the 9/40/357 Glocks is nothing more than the stock-length part from the large-frame pistols, and there never was a dedicated "extended" mag catch developed for either frame size. Whatever the case, the extended mag catch button protrudes about an extra 1/8" from the grip of the pistol. This is not long enough to greatly increase the chances of accidental activation (except perhaps in certain tightly-fitted holsters), but it is enough to make magazine release more positive and easier to accomplish under stress, and makes the button accessible to average-sized hands without needing to break the shooting grip as much. Because of its simplicity, low cost and effectiveness, I recommend the stock Glock part over the two-piece, custom-fitted and metal extended mag releases offered by aftermarket manufacturers.

THE PLUG 
As a side effect of the frame-molding process, Glocks possess a hollow cavity behind the magazine well, which extends the full height of the grip and has a small opening into the action. Dust, dirt, lint and other debris tends to gather here - especially in guns that are carried a lot and rarely cleaned or are stored improperly. In addition to being unsightly, the possibility exists that this accumulated crud may eventually migrate into the working parts of the firearm and cause malfunctions. The simple solution is to seal the entrance to the cavity with a device commonly known as "The Plug". Two basic styles of plugs are offered. The Jentra plug fits flush with the base of the grip, while the Scherer Slug Plug protrudes slightly, doubling as a bevel or ramp to help guide the magazine into the well. The plugs for large-frame, standard and compact glocks all lock into place using the lanyard hole at the bottom of the backstrap. The subcompact Glocks lack the lanyard hole, so the plugs for those models are simply friction-fit into place. I have noticed that newer subcompact Glock frames lack the half-moon cutout at the bottom of the mag well's back wall. The Jentra plug interfaces with this cutout in order to fit flush, and will not work in the newest subcompacts. This is just as well, as in my experience, the friction-fit plugs will work loose over time and with recoil, so I do not use them in my subcompacts anyway. Finally, the Plug not only prevents dust and debris from building up and infecting your Glock, but it also turns an otherwise useless void into a handy storage cavity for small tools, spare parts, or if it's a race gun, extra batteries for an electronic sight.

EXTRA-POWER MAGAZINE SPRINGS 
The weak link in the Glock system is the magazine springs. Because their production is contracted out, the springs tend to be of a quality far below what one would expect from Glock. They tend to "take a set" and become brittle fairly quickly, even if the magazines are infrequently used. This problem seems to be worse with preban magazines than with the "Clinton" 10-rounders. Fortunately, Glock mag springs are inexpensive to replace, so it is a good idea to have replacements on hand for when the inevitable happens. Rather than replacing poor quality springs with more poor quality springs, a better idea would be to install a spring specifically engineered for better performance. The main players in this market are
Wolff Gunsprings and ISMI. I have used the products from both companies and they appear to be equally good. An extra-power magazine spring will fix feeding problems related to sluggish, worn-out mag springs, and will have the extra length and strength needed to function properly in preban magazines equipped with extra-capacity floorplates.

STREAMLIGHT M3 TACTICAL LIGHT

The M3 is a lightweight, high-intensity flashlight that clamps onto a Glock's frame rails forward of the trigger guard. Powered by two 3V lithium batteries and producing some 90 lumens of light, the M3 is more powerful than a 3 D-cell conventional flashlight. The light is operated by a rocker switch on the back, which is accessible with either the trigger finger of the shooting hand or the thumb of the off hand. The operator may move the switch in one direction to produce a momentary effect, or move it in the other direction for "constant on." Because the light is mounted on the pistol, the operator can use the same solid two-handed shooting grip as he normally would. Having the light affixed to the gun also leaves the off hand free to perform other critical tasks, such as using a telephone, opening a door, controlling a suspect or fending off a physical attack. The M3 is a useful accessory for a home-defense pistol, but note that mounting even a 3oz. device to a Glock's frame will cause a slight shift in point of aim/point of impact. It is important that the operator train with his home-defense pistol with the light mounted, as well as without, in order to understand and compensate for this variance.

SCHERER "BIG STICK" GLOCK MAGAZINES 
Prior to the 1994 magazine ban, Scherer Supplies produced extra-high-capacity magazines - essentially copies of the magazine Glock designed for the G18 machine pistol - in versions holding 33 rounds of 9mm and 29 rounds of .40 or .357SIG. Scherer magazines are less expensive than factory Glock 18 mags, and for good reason. On the surface, the Scherer mags are closer to Glock factory than any other aftermarket magazine. Like Glock, the Scherer "Big Sticks" have a polymer shell bonded to an inner metal liner on three sides (NFML). The baseplate has the proper locking insert and tabs, and the back of the magazine has witness holes identical to Glock's. Scherer even puts their markings in the same place where the Glock logo would be. But alas, the similarities seem to be only cosmetic; the durability and reliability for which Glock is known simply doesn't carry over to the Scherer product. I used to own several of the "Big Stick" mags. Even when the mags were brand new, they would not load to capacity or feed properly. I replaced the springs with ISMI extra power springs and the followers with Glock followers. That fixed the feeding issues, but after running the mags in my G17 and Mech Tech CCU, the mag lips began to chip and crack at the front where there was no metal liner. This caused more feed malfunctions, so I sent the magazines back to Scherer for repair or replacement. For $5.00 to cover return postage, Scherer replaced all four magazines. I chose one of the bunch and test fired it in my G17, only to have the problem repeat itself. I sent this mag back for replacement, and upon getting a new one back, promptly sold them all. If you absolutely MUST have 30-some rounds on tap for your pistol or carbine, then I recommend you spend the extra money and get factory Glock G18 mags. With the money I got from selling my Scherer mags, I was able to purchase several factory Glock 17rd mags with +3 baseplates. These give me 20 rounds rather than 33, but are of much higher quality and are far more practical.

http://home.comcast.net/~shooter2_indy/glockgear.html

http://www.stevespages.com/pdf/glock_armorers_manual_update.pdf

 

Lie Detection

Lie Detection Techniques

There are five major categories that are used to detect a lie, these are;

Many people who lie give themselves away by eye patterns, cadence of speech, body language, and emotional gestures. Almost all liars will do something that will fall under these 4 categories. This is applies to most people, but not everyone. Habitual liars are so used to lying, that they begin to believe themselves. If you believe what you are saying, you do not exhibit the body language of a liar, emotional gestures of a liar, or eye patterns of a liar. However, people with a sense of integrity will subconsciously express their guilt through their movements or speech. 

Top 5 myths about Lying

1. ) The biggest and most renown myth is the myth that someone is lying or deceiving you because they are fidgeting, or not maintaining eye contact.

2. ) An individual is lying because he/she is replying with curt responses.

3. ) It is particularly difficult to detect lies that your close friends or family tell.

4. ) An individual is lying because he/she looks content, or appears to be smiling.

5. ) If someone fails a polygraph, they are lying.

Myths debunked

1. ) This myth is debunked in the eye patterns of a liar section. There is a myriad of reasons why someone could be avoiding eye contact. For example: something behind you caught their attention, they have social disabilities, or something as simple as embarrassment.

2. ) This myth is unambiguously false. In fact, short and pithy responses are excellent indications that someone is NOT lying. The more someone elaborates on their story, and adds unnecessary details, the greater the chance he is lying.

3. ) This is also another myth that needs to be debunked. It is not anymore difficult to detect lies that your close friends or family tell. In fact, its actually much less difficult to detect a lie from a family member or close friend, rather then a stranger. Why? This is because you are aware of all their natural habits, and when they break their natural habits you know some thing is wrong. Knowing how to tell if a stranger is lying is much more difficult then your family or close friend.

4. ) How many times have you been told, "your lying, I can see it all over your face." Well most of the time when they say, "I can see it all over your face" they are referring to that big grin spread across your face. Think about this: why would someone smile if they are lying? If someone really is truly lying, then wouldn't they try to deceive you and not make it so perceptible?

5. ) It's true, the polygraph is an admirable tool when you think someone is lying. Yet, the much vaunted polygraph is not impermeable. A polygraph is only accurate less then 95% of the time. In addition, people have discovered ways to "cheat" on the polygraph. Some people even go to such an extreme as to take pills to help them relax, which precludes the possibility of accurate results. Lastly, it is possible for an individual to have polygraph training, which allows them to easily pass a polygraph.

There are thirteen different lies a person may commit. When someone commits a lie, it can be catagorized as either:

Fabrication

When someone submits a statement as the truth, but does not know if the statement is actually the truth.

Bold- faced lie

A bold face lie is a lie that is told, but is obvious to everyone listening/reading

Lying by omission

Lying by omission is a lie when you state the truth, but you leave something out. Have you ever heard the phrase," it's till lying if you don't tell all of it"? Well that is an example of lying by omission.

Lie-to-children

A lie that makes a mature subject acceptable to children.

White Lie

A white lie would cause no harm if discovered, and is usually beneficial to the liar and the hearer. White lies are often used to avoid offence.

Noble Lie

A noble lie is a lie that will cause great discord if uncovered, and usually has the effect of helping someone maintain power.

Emergency lie

A strategic lie told in dire situations.

Perjury

Lying under the oath

Bluffing

Pretending to have an intention or capability that someone doesn't actually have.

Exaggeration

Stretching the truth.

Jocose lies

Teasing or sarcasm

Contextual lies

Stating something in a particular context. The statement may be true, but without complete information it gives a false impression. A contextual lie may also be a misleading tone in your voice.

Promotion lies

Advertisers lie or exaggeration such as: "You will love our product" 

Using Eye patterns to detect lies

 
Have you ever been accused of lying just because you refused to make eye contact with someone? Well it's not if you're not looking, but it's where you're looking that gives you away. Every time you look in a direction, there is a reason, it's not just a coincidence. Your subconscious mind is responsible for this. Before determining if someone is lying by just their eye patterns, be sure you get to know their natural movements. Remember, there are exceptions in everything. The six different eye patterns listed below are the average person's natural habits. Statistically speaking, most peoples eye patterns match the patterns below. Be careful, because not everyone is average. Their is a small percentage of people who's eye patterns are reversed, so you should get to know their normal eye patterns first.

· To the right- When a persons eyes look to the right, they are constructing an auditory thought. (your left)

Example #1: Tell someone to think of the noise of thunder and watch their eyes. They will move to the right as they attempt to listen to the noise of thunder in their mind.

Example #2: think of the sound of church bells

· Up and to the left- This indicates a visually remembered image. (your right)

Example#1: Ask someone to remember the color of their house, and watch as their eyes quickly move up and to the left. In their mind, they are visually remembering the color of their house.

Example #2: What did you wear yesterday?

· Up and to the right- This eye movement indicates a visually constructed image. (your left)

Example #1: If you ask someone to picture a sailboat sailing on the ocean, this will be the direction their eyes will move.

Example#2: Picture a giant ice cream with a scoop of every single flavor.

· To the left- Looking to the left is an indication of an auditory memory. (your right)

Example #1: Ask someone to listen to their favorite song in their mind, and they will look in this direction.

Example #2: Remember the sound of your father's voice.

· Down and to the right- Typically this is an indication of someone creating a feeling or sensory impression. Their eyes will move this way when they are trying to recall a taste, smell, or feeling. (your right)

Example #1: For example, ask someone to remember their last meal, and watch as their eyes move down and to the left.

Example #2: How does it feel when you walk barefoot on mud?

· Down and to the left- This is the direction someone's eyes will move while they "talk to themselves" (your left)

· The above eye patterns are typically used when someone gives an extended response to an answer. It is impossible to use these when a person replies with a yes or no answer. If a person replies with a yes or no answer, watch their eyes carefully. A person replying with a yes or no response that is lying will usually close their eyes very briefly, maybe half a second, then respond.

How does this help me detect a lie? Typically, if you ask someone a question and they glance to the right (your left) they are creating something, or in other words lying. When someone looks to their left (your right) they are recalling something, and are telling the truth. Of course their always will be exceptions to these eye patterns, as their are exceptions in everything. The most vital thing to do to be the most accurate would be to get to know their normal eye patterns first and to make sure that this person is not an exception. Also, do not think you can detect a liar solely based on their eye movements, you will need to put forth some common sense while you are contemplating on whether or not they are lying. The eye patterns of left-handed people may be reversed.  

Cadence of Speech

There are many different tactics one can use while trying to catch a liar. Nothing is going to work 10 out of 10 times, but there are patterns that you may find. Patterns in their eyes, patterns in their movements, and patterns in their speech. When there is an irregularity in their patterns, something is obviously wrong. Below are the most common irregularities in ones speech while they are lying.

· Think back to the last time you were falsely accused of lying. How did you react? How did you feel? When falsely accused of lying, the average persons normal tendency is to be overcome with fury from the false accusation. This is because they are trying to defend their pride or honor. A normal persons response would be something like "How dare you accuse me of such a thing!" However, a liar will not attempt to protect his honor. A liar will focus exclusively on attempting to convince you that they are not lying. A liars response will generally over use the word "no".

· A liar will repeat the question for reassurance.

Example: Where you at this party last night? Answer: No, I was not at that party last night. If the person was telling the truth, they would just say no.

· Responses using contractions are more likely to be truthful.

Example: Did you take the last cookie from the cookie jar?

Response: No I didn't

Liars response: No I did not

· Liars will sometimes imply answers instead of denying them.

Example: Did you send him on a wild goose chase?

Answer: Would I really do that?

· A guilty person is not comfortable with awkward silences and pauses, therefore making them talk more then usual. They think by adding unnecessary details, it will help them convince you.

· Some liars will attempt to use humor or sarcasm to either avoid a subject, or avoid answering a question truthfully.

· Some liars may talk very fast because they want to get the lie over with.

Body language of A liar

In certain situations, you can tell a lie not by what you hear, but what you see. A Person's physical movements will give him/her away every time. Just like the human eye, every movement has a reason backed up behind it. If you can read body language, you will gain the upper hand in any confrontation. The liar will not know he is giving himself away by making certain body movements, because they are all done subconsciously. The subconscious mind is a powerful part of your brain that the average person under estimates. A lot of the movements you make are orchestrated by the subconscious mind.

Knowing what each body movement means is so important because if you can observe some ones body language, then you can decipher it and ultimately decide whether or not the person is lying, or telling the truth. Below are the most common traits of a liar.

Body Language Of A Liar:

· Liar's physical movements will be limited and stiff.

· Little arm and hand movement

· In some cases, they will avoid eye contact. There could also be numerous other reasons they are avoiding eye contact. Some people may have social disabilities, or it may even appear they are avoiding eye contact, but they are just looking at something. Other reasons could be cultural, or someone is embarrassed. You have to take all these factors into account before you make a judgment. The best thing you can do when someone is avoiding eye contact is to think about the persons normal behavior. If he normally maintains eye contact when he talks to you, and all the sudden he breaks it that might be a little suspicious.

· Hands are more likely to touch their face or mouth.

· More likely to scratch behind their ear, or touch their nose

· Not likely to touch his chest with an open hand

· Sometimes they will shake their heads no as if their saying no but they say yes. This is a subconscious movement, so it means they don't believe in what they just said. Have you ever seen someone so disgusted at someone, and all they can do is just shake their head? Sometimes liars will look like this when they are speaking.

· Palms will face down when they are lying, because the subconscious mind thinks you are more vulnerable when your palms are face up.

· Some will place objects between you and themselves, this subconscious act is to create a barrier between you and the liar. It helps give them more reassurance. Be aware of the smallest things they place between you and themselves, such as cups, utensils, chairs, and more.

· Some people may be described as "illustrators." An "illustrator" is a person who uses him/her hands while talking, giving hand gestures to aid them in describing something. While an "illustrator" is lying, their hand gestures become drastically less frequent, or even halt completely. 
 
· Licking your lips after saying something is a strong sign of deception. When people get nervous, their saliva glands cease to produce saliva, and our mouths become dry. There are two reasons why a person could lick their lips after saying something. They are either nervous, or are uncomfortable with what they just said.  
 
· Touching the collarbone. When a man touches his collarbone while speaking, or being spoken too, it signals insecurity. This subconscious movement is unusual for men. However, when women touch their collarbone it indicates stress. 

Just because the person exhibits 1 of these behaviors does not mean they are lying. If they are exhibiting 3 or 4 of them, chances are he is. Just remember, to think about their normal behavior while you decide if they are lying.  
 
Emotional Gestures and Contradictions

 
Observing emotional Gestures and contradictions can tell you a lot about a person. The most significant thing it does is tell you if someone is faking an emotion. People fake emotions all the time. They do it for several reasons, most are justified

People will fake emotions to please someone. For example, smiling while receiving a gift they do not like. You would be able to tell the person is faking it just by observing their smile, because a natural smile uses more muscles then a fake smile. People will fake emotions for other reasons such as safety, to fit in, or even to obscure their insecurities. Regardless of the reason, fake emotions are very simple to distinguish once you know how.

Using the information below, you can ferret out almost all fake emotions.

· Timing and duration of emotional gestures and emotions are off a normal pace. The display of emotion is delayed, stays longer then it would naturally, and then stops suddenly. This indicates the person is faking his/her emotions

· Some gestures and motions timing will be off.

For example: when someone told you their having a surprise party for you and you walk in and act surprised before or after they yell surprise.

· Gestures/emotions don't go along with what they are telling you.

Example: Smiling while saying, "that is so sad"

· When someone is faking their emotions, their facial expression is limited to a mouth movement. For example: when someone smiles for real, their whole face is involved, but when they fake smile, mostly the mouth is involved.

· When a person attempts to conceal anger, or any strong emotion, their face will display the emotion for a split second. These expressions are called "micro expressions." Very few people ever notice these because they are so inconspicuous.

· The micro expressions are universal. Every person on Earth will display the same micro expressions while attempting to conceal specific emotions.

· Some muscles located in your face are not under conscious control. Thus, your face will display these micro expressions and you will be completely oblivious.

· People will subconsciously catch micro expressions, but since they have not been trained to decode these micro expressions, they will be oblivious that they saw them. When people claim that they have a "gut feeling" that someone is lying, it's because they subconsciously catch these micro expressions. These micro expressions are below the threshold of conscious awareness for most people, and consequently the average person can not identify them, or even establish that they even saw them.

With this information you should now be able to determine whether someone is sincerely "happy for you" when you win money or accomplish something, and if someone is truly sad about your adversity. If you ever catch someone with contradicting emotional gestures, under most circumstances you probably should not confront them about it. They will always deny it, and the person will end up getting mad at you.

Other

This section contains information that did not belong in other sections, so it has its own section. This section talks about the legendary eye contact myth. For some reason, this myth has not been abolished, and has been around for ages. People think that if you do not maintain eye contact you are lying. This is only true in certain cases, you will have to read further to find out more.

Lie detection is tricky to apprehend, but if you apply everything you learn, you will rarely be lied to again! A wise man once said "Knowledge is not power until it is applied". You may know everything in the world, but if you do not use that knowledge it is worthless.

Other

· Lying takes longer than telling the truth, so the time to answer may indicate a lie. Lying will take longer because liars need more time to think of an elaborate and plausible story.

· A liar will try to avoid eye contact because lying goes against their moral code. Looking someone in the eye is an intimate act. Liars find it hard to maintain eye contact for long periods of time, if at all. People can look you in the eye and lie, but when someone knows their in a great amount of trouble or they know their guilty, they have a much harder time looking you in the eye as they lie due to eagerness, anxiety, and agitation.

· Contradicting the last statement, some liars may make AN EXCESSIVE amount of eye contact, to try to be more believable. You just have to know their natural behaviors to decide which behavior is irregular.

· Everyone has their own baseline - pattern of behavior, and basically if this person breaks their baseline their lying

· Professionals use the changing subject technique to ferret out liars. Someone who has been lying about a subject will become more relaxed, and will welcome this change in subject. A person who is telling the truth will have a cryptic expression on their face when you change the subject, and will try to direct the conversation back towards that subject. 

How to tell if a person is bluffing 

· When someone is bluffing, they are trying to desperately manipulate everyone they are confident and or have an advantage when they don't. The average person falls for this bluff, because they think "If he is acting so confident, he must have an advantage." Think about this: if a person truly is so confident, they would feel no need to portray it.

· Think of it like a game of poker. If a person has a good hand, why would he act confident? Any rational person would act like they have a poor hand, so people would add more money to the pot.

· More often then not, an ample display of confidence is a unambiguous sign of bluffing, because if someone is truly confident they would feel no need to convince other people they are.

Here are the four lie detection techniques:

Making up a fact - technique number 1

Step one

After listening to someone's story, if you believe he or she is deceiving you, ask your friend a very specific detail pertinent to the story that he or she could not possibly know unless he or she was telling the truth.

Example: Your friend tells you that he picked up a really pretty girl and she was really into him. You ask him what her name was. He says a name.

Now to tell if he's lying, this is what you do. As soon as you hear the name you pretend like you know her, and you can introduce an assumption by saying "oh yeah, I know her we used to be best friends when we were little. I just saw her recently. Does she still have the nose ring and the tongue piercing?(you are completely making this up)

Step two

Let their be a silence and watch carefully how he reacts

If he goes along with your little fake story, and says "yeah that's her!" Your once trustworthy friend is now a liar. If he says I have no idea what you're talking about, he probably is not lying.

Second example:

You ask your girl friend where she was last night. She responds by saying she was just at her friend Samantha's house.

Step 1.) "Oh god I heard what happened were you their when it happened?"

She will say when what happened. "When the blankets on her bed caught fire, thank god she put it out before the whole house burned down."

Step 2.)Watch her react. "Yes I was, it was horrifying!" SHES LYING!!! She wasn't at her friend's house.

Lie Detection Technique number 2

If you think someone lied about a subject, make sure you get their attention, speak clearly, and hit them with a question pertaining to that subject out of the blue. If their answer is "what", or "huh" they are most likely lying. Saying these things is a defense mechanism, and as you're restating the question their using that time to come up with a plausible response.

Important note: Wait a minute until the subject has passed, it is important to make sure the person you are asking is not still thinking about the subject.

Remember, it is important that you time these lie detection techniques right.

Lie Detection Technique number 3

Professionals use the changing subject technique to ferret out liars. If a person's mien is off, and they are appearing to be deceptive, then you should change the course of the conversation, and switch topics very abruptly. Someone who has been lying about a subject will become more relaxed, and will welcome this change in subject. After you change the subject, watch attentively as their face lightens up. A person who is telling the truth will have a cryptic expression on their face when you change the subject, and will try to direct the conversation back towards that subject.

Lie Detection Technique number 4 

This lie detection technique may seem like common sense, but it is an extremely effective and powerful tool in your arsenal. This is what you do:

Allow your suspect to do a full recount of the story, and listen closely to the sequence of events in the story. Afterwards, politely ask him to tell the story once again, but this time have the person recount it backwards. The person may give you a belligerent response, because the request may sound very outlandish.

You must be persistent, and once he does recount the story backwards, listen for any discrepancies in the story, or discrepancies in the sequence of events. Unless this person has an unbelievable memory, their will be many discrepancies in the sequence of events if he is lying. It is extremely difficult to recall events backwards in the same sequence if you made them up.

If you do not believe this technique works, ask someone you know to make up a story. Then tell them to say it backwards. Watch as they grow frustrated, and give up. 

 

Survival Retreat - What about your Neighbors?

 In some respects the best neighbors to have at your survival retreat are none. The fewer people that are in an area the less likely an armed group of looters will be checking the area out. Looters and other parasitic creatures will prey on those that have neither the knowledge, weapons or will power to defend themselves. If the area that your survival retreat is situated in has large numbers of unprepared people the changes of looters attracted to your retreat will be greater.

Although an area where there are multiple survival retreats linked together with wired communications may be able to offer each other mutual defensive support in case a massive band of looters happens to fall upon the area. This plan may be worth consideration.

        

 
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